Performance gain per generation
M1 to M2: ~18% faster single-core, ~20% faster multi-core, marginally better GPU. Released 2022.
M2 to M3: ~15% single-core, ~17% multi-core, ~15% GPU. First Apple chip with hardware ray-tracing + mesh shading + AV1 decode. Released October 2023.
M3 to M4: ~15% single-core, ~25% multi-core (extra efficiency cores), ~15% GPU. New ML accelerators for Apple Intelligence. Released May 2024 (iPad), October 2024 (Mac).
Cumulative M1 to M4: ~55% single-core gain, ~75% multi-core gain over 4 years. Significant for compute-bound users, invisible for most everyday workflows.
Used pricing in mid-2026
M1 Air (A2337, 2020) used. Sweet spot for budget-conscious buyers.
M2 Air (A2681, 2022) used. Best balance of perf + price + chassis design.
M3 Air (A3113, 2024) used. Apple Intelligence ready.
M4 Air (A3240, 2025) used. Newest, 16GB base, two external displays.
M1 Pro 14, M2 Pro 14, M3 Pro 14 and M4 Pro 14 (when available) each step up in price by generation.
Feature differences that actually matter
M1: USB-C only (no MagSafe), 720p webcam, no ProMotion (Pro only), supports 1 external display (Air).
M2: MagSafe 3 added, 1080p webcam, Air bumped to 13.6" larger display, supports 1 external display.
M3: Hardware ray-tracing (first on Mac), mesh shading, AV1 hardware decode, Air supports 2 external in clamshell mode only.
M4: Apple Intelligence ready, two external displays with lid open (huge fix), 12MP Center Stage camera, Sky Blue color option.
Which chip generation is the best buy in 2026?
Best value-per-performance: M1 Air. Still extraordinary. Use case: budget-conscious users who don't need Apple Intelligence.
Best balance of price + features: M2 Air. MagSafe + better display + 1080p webcam · meaningful upgrades over M1.
Best for Apple Intelligence prep: M3 or M4 Air. M3 starts, M4. The newer chips have the ML headroom for upcoming on-device AI features.
Best for road-warrior nomads: M2 Air. Best chassis-to-price ratio.
Best for 4K video on Air: M3 or M4 Air. AV1 hardware decode handles modern web video efficiency.
Pro-tier chip generations · M1 Pro vs M2 Pro vs M3 Pro vs M4 Pro
M1 Pro (2021): the original Pro-tier Apple Silicon. 10-core CPU, 16-core GPU on the 16-inch. Still extraordinary in 2026.
M2 Pro (2023): ~12-15% faster than M1 Pro. Added Wi-Fi 6E, HDMI 2.1, faster SSD.
M3 Pro (Oct 2023): controversial chip. SAME CPU performance as M2 Pro in some benchmarks (Apple reduced memory bandwidth from 200 to 150 GB/s, reduced max RAM from 32GB to 36GB max). Net: M3 Pro is the LEAST upgrade-worthy Pro generation Apple has shipped.
M4 Pro (Oct 2024): redeemed the Pro line. Back to higher bandwidth (273 GB/s), better thermal envelope, Thunderbolt 5.
Honest verdict for used Pro buyers: M1 Pro is the BEST value Pro chip. M3 Pro is a marginal upgrade · most buyers should skip directly from M1 Pro to M4 Pro.
Max-tier chips · M1 Max vs M3 Max vs M4 Max
M1 Max (2021): 10-core CPU, 24/32-core GPU, 400 GB/s bandwidth, 32/64GB RAM. Beast.
M3 Max (2023): 14/16-core CPU, 30/40-core GPU, 400 GB/s bandwidth (16-core variant), 36/48/64/96/128GB RAM. Hardware ray-tracing.
M4 Max (2024): 14/16-core CPU, 32/40-core GPU, 546 GB/s bandwidth (16-core variant), 36/48/64/128GB RAM. Thunderbolt 5.
Used market: M1 Max, M3 Max, M4 Max.
Best value Max in 2026: M1 Max. Outperforms most 2026 Windows desktop CPUs. M3 Max for 128GB requirement (local LLM). M4 Max only if you specifically need Thunderbolt 5 or sustained 6K work.
